A correction is a small bear drop (5%-20%) during a bull market. Generally, it's in reaction to prices getting to far ahead of themselves. Contrast this with a bear market rally, where prices have fallen too far and rally as a result.
my mind is missing part of the concept i think... if i was ready to spend $x on the item last week, and i go to the store this week and it is for 20% off, i would still buy it... i mean its like going to the mall, if i plan to buy it, i go, them hanging 20% off signs didnt get me into the store in the first place. sure it is a nice discount but it did nothing to motivate me to buy, or make me value the purchase as less/cheaper. i will still use the crap out of it even if i bought it at full price.
if you mean that the prices of stocks got inflated because of hype, and a correction is them reseting the tables, like end of a poker game. then sure, everyone gets a new set of cards but it doesnt change the rules of the game, just like the businesses havent changed how they operate before the correction. so why would i value them less during correction? IE, why would i act differently now that the markets are down? I might buy more since it is a cheaper buy in for the game, but why are people quitting it/pulling money out?
Correct. Generally, people pull money out because something causes them to view stocks as being overvalued (a drop in perceived NAV). You also have to factor in the market-timing aspect, where the market is driven by herd behavior (up and down). But, a correction comes when enough people realize that stocks are over priced and sell to get their profits. This causes a chain reaction of people selling (buy low, sell high), and the market drops. At some point, the market hits a point where people like you or me go "oh damn, stocks on sale, gonna buy". When that happens, the correction stops and comes back towards the "true" value of the asset (stock).
In simple terms, stocks got too far away from the "true" value that is given by overall economics like employment, interest rates, inflation, etc. At least they will return to just around "true" value, at most, they will go on sale.