Here are the financial benefits to being married, as I see them, as a single person:
Co-habitation (compared to living with a non-romantic roommate)
- Does not require an additional bedroom, so rent or purchase price is lower
- Less vacancy, since spouses move out less often than roommates
- Ability to sign up for family plans or discounts on many services.. gym memberships, phones, health insurance, auto/home insurance
- More likely to share cooking, care for you when sick, etc., allowing for bulk purchases & reducing incidental convenience purchases
Tax benefits (potentially)
- Most people don't stay DINK's forever.. once those kids come things chance, especially if one partner reduces their work at the same time
- For the FIRE crowd, it's much easier to live on tax free LTCG's and QD's in the married brackets, due to fixed costs like housing taking up a smaller portion of the overall "free" tax bracket.
Financial support
- If one partner looses their job, they don't need to spend down savings the way a single person would. Instead, they can rely on their partner's income (and tighten the budget up a bit) while they find new work.
- Diversified income stream also allows greater risk taking - a married can take a higher paying job they have a chance of failing at, because they know their spouses income can cover if needed. A single person has greater downside risk of taking the same job. This is basically the same thing as the 1st point.
Retirement/Legal
- Social Security and Pension benefits allotted to spouses, such as survivorship
- Marriage is essentially a low cost contract that does not require renewal, and covers a large number of basic legal issues like medical control, transfer of assets upon death, etc., which a non-married person would need to hire a lawyer for, and may need to renew on a regular basis.
The beneficial behavioral changes being discussed are very interesting to me (and obviously don't apply to all couples). I also wonder if there's a generational component. If the parents model healthy long term relationships then their children are more likely to have the same, and IF there IS a financial benefit to being married, then those parents will pass the financial benefit to their children by paying for college, inheritance, etc. That would show a correlation between marriage and wealth, but not causation, since the act of marriage is largely incidental compared to the benefits of a long term relationship.