Excellent question!
To me, it means being FI and not actively pursuing money (i.e., being paid) afterward.
The FI part knocks out things like sabbaticals and unemployment.
If you've got money coming in, I'd say you're semi-retired.
If that money's coming in from self-employment, I'd say you're self-employed.
Drop the income source(s), I'd call you fully retired.
Working full-time and being paid to do so? I'd say you're working, whether self-employed or not.
So consultation while FI for me would fall under semi-to-no retirement while self-employed. I totally agree someone can retire and then come out of retirement; to me, that's what Jakob did back in the ERE days when he went back to work full time as an analyst in Chicago, regardless of whatever name he was calling it. Regarding the blog example, that for me falls back under the self-employment umbrella once it starts making money.
None of these examples mean a person faked their retirement or didn't have enough money to make it for the rest of their lives, etc. I think a lot of folks get up in arms about the implication that FI folks who are doing random jobs aren't retired because they see it as an intimation that the math didn't work. And maybe that is how a lot of the "you're not retired!" folks see it. To me, it's just that there's a difference between being FI and being FI and not doing things to receive additional money; that second one is what I see as retirement. Once you start spending time to earn money (or its equivalent in favors, etc), you're back on the continuum of semi-retirement to full employment, just with the FI perk.
And to add a disclaimer: I'm a fan of a lot of parts of the MMM vibe; I come from the ERE school (I read that blog when it was just getting started and it resonated with me a lot; my plan as a bachelor was to buy a Lowe's shed and live in it with low income and low expenses), so the whole MMM thing was already a spendypantsish theory for me, but I dig it. I'm just poking at a few parts I disagree with. The overall message is a very positive one that I'd like to see spread far and wide.
Ok, well I don't disagree with your definitions per-se, my two underlying points here are that 1) almost everyone IME gets some form of compensation at some point when they are supposedly retired, and 2) once you are FI (which itself can be a very squishy definition - e.g. is someone with 25x expenses really FI or just deluding themselves about future market returns) whether you are "retired" or self-employed/semi-employed/sporadically working etc. is largely based on the individual's perception. Someone who hits the FI/25x threshold but keeps working part time because they aren't convinced of the future is inherently different from someone who has the same level of FI but paints watercolors every sunny day and sells them once a month at the farmer's market because that's what he/she has always wanted to do.
Who am I to come in and say "well he's retired but she isn't" (or "neither of you are
really retired")?
Also - perhaps i missed the explanation but you stil didn't explain what was intellectually dishonest about how MMM portrayed himself. He's talked a great deal about how he likes rehabbing houses and how he's earned money doing so.
A few other examples regarding why setting limits on "retirement" is a bit silly
1) In HS our swim coach was a "retired" high-ranking naval officer who just really wanted to coach. Teacher's unions what they were, the school was required to pay him. He ceremonially donated his entire salary back to the athletic department each year. Was he really "retired"?
2) my father recently "retired" from being a doctor at age 68. Now he's being invited to give talks to all sorts of groups about care for aging parents. The talks almost always involve dinner (either at a restaurant or catered) and twice they've put him up in a hotel when he had to drive over an hour to get there. Is he "retired"?
3) My uncle got injured on the job and took a buy-out settlement in his late 50s and hasn't had a paycheck since. Now his wife is the mayor of a small town. He's helped manage her campaigns and goes to many of the functions. Technically he gets paid nothing but his wife has a nice salary and he does get perks. So is he "retired"?
4) my old landlord was somewhat of a recluse who had no job and had no interest in fixing anything. He lived off a combination of my rent and his savings and gave me a reduced rate under the agreement that I would take care of most any problem that came up (and deduct the cost of materials). Is that "retired" (or just unemployed)?
If this all sounds a bit like semantics, that's because it is. As soon as you start placing restrictions on when other people can consider themselves retired things get very sticky, and people that most people would agree are retired suddenly don't fit the definition(s). If you are busy litmus-testing people about whether they are "retired" or "FI" I believe you've missed a key point of this blog, which is that it's relatively easy to reach a level of continual cash surpluses if you are willing to forgo a lot of the BS and avoid the traps most of society falls into.
My personal take - if you have a perpetual cash surplus and you doing what you want regardless of the money or benefits (as in, you'd continue to do it even if you weren't paid anything at all), then you can consider yourself retired if you so wish. If your id and ego would prefer the terms "self-employed" or "entrepreneur" or "semi-retired" that's fine too.