I can't think of anything short of plague that wipes out millions of people and other giant catastrophes, or some major and fairly quick degredation of my mental faculites, combined somehow with no one knowing who to contact on my behalf. (I'd like to think it wouldn't take my husband, at least, more than a day to look for me in earnest.
Friends and families would absolutely put me up, short or long term depending on the scenario. And they'd send me money to get me to them, if it came to that. I'm very fortunate in that regard.
The question of not having a phone or ID is interesting. If I was in my own neighborhood, I could walk to places where I'm known and they'd surely let me use a phone. Or contact the police, and they too would surely help me communicate with someone. That option works at just about any location. And I have made a choice to memorize a few key phone numbers, in part because I want to be able to call a few people--husband, mom, sister, best friend--if I'm ever without a phone. Now that all our contacts are stored in our phones, so many people don't know any phone numbers by heart. That can be a problem, at least short term.
We also have a safety net of access to Navy Marine Corps Relief, which gives small loans immediately, with few questions asked.
And we have, and barring MAJOR changes, will always have, pretty good medical care/insurance.
That said, I recognize that all of these things make me quite fortunate. As for the woman in the article, it sounds like it might have been an issue of compounding of some bad decisions, on top of some misfortune and then just not being lucky enough to have some things in life go her way.
That part that I found most difficult to believe was this, "Stovall’s grown children live in Michigan. She won’t burden them what’s going on." She's living under an overpass and won't ask her children for $250 to get a nursing license, or money to buy used shoes for a job interview? Or funs for a bus ticket back to Texas where she is licensed to nurse? Something seems to me missing from that story--an estranged relationship or... something. I understanding be proud, but it's not like she needs to request that they spend tens of thousands of dollars on her or buy her a house, in order for her to meaningfully improve her situation. And she has prospects and it would seem good reason tho think she could be making decent money soon-ish, with some help, in which case she could pay them back.
I think the OP is being both overly judgmental. If your house burns down you are homeless. Being insured and having plenty money doesn’t change that it just makes fixing the problem a million times easier.
I say that a person who drove home from work one day to find my house straight up gone. I have been homeless while having six figures of cash in my checking account.
I took "homeless" in this context to be "no where to stay, and for more than a night while you sort things out".