Honestly, you sound like a snob.
Snob (n):
1) a person who imitates, cultivates, or slavishly admires social superiors and is condescending or overbearing to others.
2) a person who claims to be an expert or connoisseur in a given field and is condescending toward or disdainful of those who hold other opinions or have different tastes regarding this field: A snob would be someone who says "my preferred wine / premium car / audio system / chef / cigar / other luxury provider is TOTALLY worth it, and I feel sorry for anyone who cannot experience it." I on the other hand, am saying all these expensive places cost more than can be explained by the specific amenities there, and are probably not worth spending years or decades at a job just to cover that difference. I'm declining the amenities you describe on the basis of cost and you're describing the HCOL lifestyle as totally worth it because of the superior experience one gets from living in such places (presumably net of the experience of paying the costs).
Kudos for going to the beach "multiple days per week" and when this one activity is the thing which satisfies you, but most people who live near a beach don't. That's why the beaches in most beach cities are not populated by 300,000 locals every day plus the tourists. The theater scene in big cities is populated by - what? - 3-5k people per weekend out of a population of millions? Similarly, a tiny sub-1% fraction of the population of Denver is on the ski slopes any given day. What percentage of people in your 20 mile metro area visit the beach on any given day?
It must have been hectic managing the local tourism schedule you described, but you got to see all the things several times each and that's a lot more than most residents get out of their local amenities. Most residents can't afford to take off work that often, have no time left after the commutes, or prefer to watch TV or YouTube.
Louisville, Kansas City, St. Louis, Indianapolis, Birmingham, Oklahoma City, etc. all have theaters, zoos, and museums but I suppose there is something not good enough about them? Having been to theaters, zoos, and museums in both HCOL and LCOL places I can't tell a consistent difference other than the $10-25 parking passes in HCOL areas, but then again I'm not "an expert or connoisseur" in each of these fields so maybe I'm missing out and don't have the sense to know it.
I don't know why you don't understand this, when you answer your own question. Yes, it's a combination of many, many details and amenities that make one area more desirable then another. It's not just "a beach", "weather", or Broadway. Most (sane) people don't move everything they have for one simple thing like that.
You say: this is a reason to go LCOL, because you'll enjoy the amenities regardless of where you are.
But you can't, if things you care about don't exist in LCOL areas!
I'm going to translate this into an economic proposition: Some mixtures of amenities are worth massive premiums and other mixtures of amenities are worth nearly zero, even if the locals are engaged either way and similarly happy. As the Toronto versus LA comparison indicates, there are high-cost amenity mixes that are completely different from one another but for whatever reason hit the right notes. Similarly, there are low-cost amenity mixes that contain the same components as multiple high-cost mixes, but because the specific combination is different, these have little value.
E.g. both New York City and St. Louis have more theater options on any given day than you have time to see, but New York has the Statue of Liberty you can visit. The combo of theater plus SoL tour makes NYC worth more than the sum of its parts, right? The St. Louis arch plus theaters is not the same combination and is not worth as much. The proof is that it's more expensive to live in NYC than in St. Louis, therefore NYC must be a better place to live. I see a circle.
You also mention the rarity of "things you care about". Presumably this includes geographic and cultural specifics that only exist in certain places. E.g. small towns and rural areas can be inconvenient drives from theaters running off-Broadway plays. I also get that some activities are more popular than others: e.g. sitting in the sun on a beach appears to be more popular than snowmobiling, and golf appears to be more popular than canoeing. There are 2 assumptions here that seem to justify paying a higher COL to be near a particular amenity rather than exploring new things and adapting to more affordable environments, less specific activities, and cheaper hobbies:
1) You like the things you like because they are inherently better, not because you were socially conditioned to like those things. E.g. golf is inherently more fun than hiking and that's why people spend more money to golf than they pay to hike. The association between golf and wealth/class has nothing to do with it at all. Nor does it matter that you at one point had to work to get into a social and professional circle of people who play golf. It's not what other people are doing or what they think; it's that the particular activity or amenity has inherent value. I.e. my idea of fun would be fun to anybody from any background, culture, or personality.
2) The things you like are more expensive because they are inherently better in a universal way. The people who have different hobbies and amenities are missing out. They get less satisfaction from their cheaper hobbies and LCOL area local amenities. They live diminished lives for not living in an expensive area near a beach / golf course / ski slope / cultural attraction, perhaps because they cannot afford these inherently better things that everyone wants. It doesn't matter if people in North Dakota or Minnesota
are actually happier than people in California or Oregon, they're only in such places because they can't afford to leave.
Presumably you live where you live for more than the reason it's cheap? If price is your only criteria I'm sure you could find a shack in Alaska for $100. Why don't you live there? Because it doesn't have a road, and 300 miles to groceries? Well there you go; amenities. They count.
This is a false dilemma because nobody is talking about living in uninhabited areas. I'm comparing apples to apples: HCOL cities to LCOL cities, HCOL towns to LCOL towns, and HCOL rural areas to LCOL rural areas, all in the United States. Amenities and things to do are everywhere I'm talking about.
Also for your AR towns; just want to point out that I went to each one on greatschools, and looking at houses near the better schools in town you can double those prices, at least. I mean, you can buy a house for $75k in Baltimore, or another for $1 mill. Only a few miles apart. But the quality of life will be very different, even though it's "the same city"..
Yes, every American city has it's high-status neighborhoods and its low-status slums, and these are typically a few miles apart. So let's zoom my thesis down to the level of one city. The residents of the high-status neighborhood and the low-status slum are both a short drive from the same amenities, be it a beach, a theater scene, a fancy market, a mountain trail, museums, specific industry jobs, etc. If nearby amenities explain the difference between HCOL and LCOL areas, then how do we explain the vast differences between costs within the same city, among people who are equidistant from the same attractions?
If local public school standardized test scores explain the difference within cities or between HCOL and LCOL places, then I would think there's an arbitrage opportunity: Spend a half million dollars less on housing and read bedtime stories to your kids. There are few things that make as big a difference to your particular kid's outcome than this simple thing. No matter how much you spend to get into a 'good' school zone, your kid is not going to care about math, science, or literature if you don't.
My neighborhood has the public schools with the highest standardized test scores in my city. Several neighbors send their kids to private or charter schools anyway - with similar or lower standardized test scores. Why don't they take advantage of this amenity of our neighborhood? Or, if they're not going to take advantage, why don't they live in one of the cheaper neighborhoods a couple miles down the road? It's hard to explain until you start talking in terms of status signaling and conspicuous consumption. The private school yard signs are notable clues.
We are also ignoring that spending money on a nice house in a desirable area has rarely been the worst financial move. I stayed in an Airbnb in LA recently and checked zillow. The owners had bought it for $600k 10 years ago. How stupid! They could have lived in AR instead! ....
It's worth $1.4 Mill now.
Are you claiming this trend can continue forever? Will salaries ever catch up to $80k per year housing appreciation on those $1.4M houses?
More importantly, if amenities explain the high prices, in what way did LA change its amenities over the past 10 years so that houses are now worth more than double what they were worth before? Did the utility of the amenities more than double?
I think it's more interesting that your comparison property was an Airbnb. The introduction of Airbnb/VRBO made it easier to speculate on RE by providing higher cash flows than the locals could afford to pay in rent. Can this trend continue forever, or was it a one-time transformation?