"I thought about leaving the industry, but the finances just aren't there elsewhere," he says. "Once you get to a certain salary, that's what you're worth – a big step down in salary just isn't feasible."
Where's the eye-roll emoji when I need it? Everything is "feasible." You're stuck only if you define "feasible" as "maintain exactly the same lifestyle."
I do appreciate the comments about friends, perception of worth, etc., though -- when you're raised to see XYZ job as "success," it is really hard to wrench yourself away from that and find a different mechanism of judging your own worth. But "golden handcuffs" is about the money, not that other stuff.
My DH has the actual golden handcuffs. Once you get to a certain level in his company, they give you options/stock grants with a 3-year vesting period -- and those grants make up probably about half his total comp. So if he walks, he's forfeiting three years' of options that were given but haven't vested yet, and effectively giving up half his salary for the past three years. It's a real incentive to hang on until a few years after they decide you're no longer worth future grants. It's also a major disincentive to poaching from competitors, because anyone else would have to come up with a mid-six-figures "bonus" just to balance out the options/grants he'd lose.
Lucky for us, he likes playing with cool tech, even though the politics do annoy him on a regular basis. No amount of money is worth hanging on to a job that makes you totally fucking miserable.