Author Topic: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?  (Read 2736 times)

goldenmustache2

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As in, what would I need if I were to ever get audited? 

Most of the investing I do is buy and hold, but I wonder what happens when I eventually do sell many years down the road.  What type of records are needed related to the original purchases?  What obligations does the brokerage have to provide that information?

I keep a spreadsheet of all my purchases with dates and prices, but it does not seem like very concrete evidence for an audit as it is just whatever I write in there.  I know there are CUSIP numbers for trades, I have not generally collected that information, nor am I even sure how to from my brokerage.

Generally, my brokerage-provided information has worked well enough for taxes, but it has not always been perfect when it comes to splits / reverse-splits, the basis they provided did not line correctly up after that.  I’ve also had my brokerage get bought out twice now – and I’m always a bit leery about the recordkeeping between them.

Spork

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #1 on: May 08, 2017, 05:28:45 PM »
When did you first start buying stock?  If it was after 2010... you are likely covered.  That's when a law passed requiring your broker to keep track of your stock basis.  Stocks purchased after that date will just be listed on a 1099-B.

If it was before 2010... well, you probably want some documentation.  Do you have (or have online access to obtain) statements showing the purchase/holding of the stock?

There is also the possibility (however slight) that the broker's records are wrong/incomplete.... you might want to be able to say "amount on 1099-B is wrong".

goldenmustache2

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #2 on: May 08, 2017, 08:57:00 PM »
When did you first start buying stock?  ...

Luckily at this point it's all after 2010.  I had read a little about that rule, that's good to know that brokerages are required to keep the details.

What do others here do as far as keeping records...do you rely entirely on the brokerage then or keep more detailed trade history?  When I start thinking about things like dividend reinvestments I wonder if I'm keeping too much data.

Spork

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #3 on: May 08, 2017, 09:40:05 PM »
When did you first start buying stock?  ...

Luckily at this point it's all after 2010.  I had read a little about that rule, that's good to know that brokerages are required to keep the details.

What do others here do as far as keeping records...do you rely entirely on the brokerage then or keep more detailed trade history?  When I start thinking about things like dividend reinvestments I wonder if I'm keeping too much data.

I've got gnucash transactions going back to about 1999.  I think gnucash has a basis precomputed for pretty much everything I have.  I've got paper statements back to about 1995.  I don't think I'm normal though.

seattlecyclone

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #4 on: May 09, 2017, 11:12:22 AM »
I try to save trade confirmations just in case the broker messes up with their data storage, but I'm probably being paranoid.

triangle

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #5 on: May 10, 2017, 11:14:38 PM »
As noted already, your broker is required by US law to track the cost basis of securities (individual stocks or funds) bought in the last 7-8 years. Before then it is up to you to keep records which can become a burden if there were some stock split, buyout, merger, etc. or combination thereof, obscuring what happened many years ago. Another consideration is that when owning funds geared for income they will sometimes pay a distribution (similar to a dividend) that is a ROC (return of capital). The ROC is giving back your own money so it will reduce the cost basis of your holding. I think most brokers do the accounting for newer holdings as part of their requirement to track and report the cost basis to the IRS but not for older holdings. So that is another complicating factor to track and account for.

Spork

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #6 on: May 11, 2017, 07:45:27 AM »
A follow up to the original question....

As I mentioned in my reply above, I have a whole file folder full of statements going back over 20 years.  Is it enough just to have good computer records of costs/dates?  Purchase date/cost, sell date/cost, split/merger date, etc.

I've never been audited (knock wood).  I have no idea what sort of paper trail I would need.  I could scan all that stuff... but with the page-at-a-time junk scanner I have, that would be awful.

triangle

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #7 on: May 11, 2017, 11:20:55 PM »
@Spork this is a good question and I have no solid answer. I think it is an open ended issue and depends on whatever else is going on with your tax return. Meaning if you are a small fish who otherwise appears to be honest in reporting your income over the years, then you are less likely to be audited or if audited due to some simple/honest error then one might not expect too much hassle or deep digging from the IRS. (Again that is my hope, not any advice). That having good electronic records which are consistent should be good enough (e.g. do not report that stock X was acquired 20 years ago for a cost basis of $41.23 when in never traded above $25 that whole year).  I think paper records are better to have as support, but I have always wondered what about the person who lost all their records in a fire, or consider how modern printers can reproduce about anything if a person wanted to cheat in a big way.

For that reason I am glad that brokers are required to track the cost basis to help prevent cheating. But even then it gets tricky when considering how brokerage fees can increase the cost basis and I have always been at a loss for how to treat those nickel-n-dime ADR fees or re-org fees that I sometimes see on my monthly statement.  Or when there is a spinoff and trying to determine the cost basis of the new and old companies; where the official company guidance might make a hazy statement about valuing the newly spun out shares: "Although U.S federal income tax laws do not specify how to determine fair market value, one approach is to use the average of the high and low share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on YY/MM/DD, the second trading day after the distribution".

For really old shares I think one can estimate the cost basis. For example if your grandparents gifted you 25 shares of company X after your birth but you are not sure if it was when you were 1 month old or 2 years old. That in such cases the IRS will accept a ball park estimate (maybe the worse case estimate?) but again I am not sure how this really works.


Reynold

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #8 on: May 12, 2017, 10:11:55 AM »
What do others here do as far as keeping records...do you rely entirely on the brokerage then or keep more detailed trade history?  When I start thinking about things like dividend reinvestments I wonder if I'm keeping too much data.

The latter is one reason I didn't used to keep anything in a taxable account that reinvests dividends.  I still don't have individual stocks do that, to avoid record keeping hassle.  Also, when I sell something, like a mutual fund, I tend to sell the whole lot to avoid having to track individual shares.  That will become more of an issue after I FIRE, but I'll have more time to set up a better tracking system too. 

I do keep all my brokerage statements forever, on paper, because I've run into issues with more than one brokerage where if I needed an OLD record (say, from 10 years ago) it can be a pain to get because they don't keep them on their web site that long.  We also had issues with my FIL's account after he passed away where we needed cost basis info for a stock from several years earlier, but he had transferred that account to another brokerage and the original one wouldn't do any digging unless we gave them exact info about buy and sell dates.  If we had that, we wouldn't need them. 

If you were willing to put all that information in electronic form, though, I strongly suspect you could get through an audit without needing paper backup.  You are only required to keep records going 3 years back, in general, so they can't find legal fault with that.  They aren't likely to complain if the transactions are from a real brokerage that keeps records, they can always check it with them if they have to.  Their bigger concern is likely to be things like dodgy "business deductions" and such. 

Paul der Krake

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Re: What type of records need to be kept related to stock purchases?
« Reply #9 on: May 12, 2017, 11:09:00 AM »
I try to save trade confirmations just in case the broker messes up with their data storage, but I'm probably being paranoid.
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