How much difference does it make if you report tradeline income as a hobby or business? Let's say your salary is 100K and you earn another 5K selling tradelines (not my numbers, just an example). What would be the difference approx? You would have to pay FICA taxes on business income but not hobby income, correct? But also you would be able to claim QBI deduction (only 80% of business income is taxable) and open a SEP IRA, so that would offset some of the FICA payments.
Contributing to a SEP IRA or Solo 401k will not offset any FICA if you file a Sch C.
It would be hard to say. It would depend partly on how much in business expenses you chose to deduct, as well as your overall AGI (Social Security taxes end at a certain amount of earned income).
But roughly 15.3% of net income for SE taxes minus 7.65% of net income for SE tax adjustment minus 20% of QBI. So probably in most cases worth it to report as business income.
Here are some calculations to consider. Someone please chime in with any errors you spot...
If we are in the 22% tax bracket and treat it as Hobby Income, it is just
22% tax (So $1,000 in tradelines would be $220 Federal Tax due)
Now we will assume we are in the same 22% tax bracket and file as Sch C income, and we will assume no SEP IRA or Solo 401k contributions, and no Sch C expenses whatsoever:
SE Tax is at 15.3%, but it calculated on 92.35% of Sch C income, so 0.153*0.9235 = 14.13% TAX
The SE Tax deduction is 1/2 of this, and it is only a deduction, so here is that math:
0.1413 / 2 = .07065
0.07065 * 0.22 = 1.55% TAX SAVINGS
QBI, sec 199A 20% deduction is based on Sch C Income - SE Deduction, so here is that math:
0.20 * (1 - 0.07065) * 0.22 = 4.09% TAX SAVINGS
So that works out to 0.22 + 0.1413 - 0.0155 - 0.0409 =
30.49% Tax (So $1,000 in tradelines would be roughly $305 in Federal Taxes due)