This isn't restricted to a fake, workaround HOA, though. i.e., Even where a neighbour doesn't have a 50% vote, you can face the same outcome. People doing AirBnB in detached, SFD houses they own face this. They start AirBnBing, problems arise for neighbours, neighbours lobby, the municipality changes what's allowed.
Renting out has some risks. Renting out daily or weekly vs yearly increases some risks (and decreases others).
If you want to rent out property, it's important to be mindful of the impact to neighbours and of the risks to you and your neighbours.
So, I wouldn't focus so much on one neighbour preempting AirBnB in this dwelling. I would focus on finding a situation that isn't *dependent on* AirBnBing or one that allows you to be a phenomenal neighbour while doing so (e.g. AirBnBing part of the dwelling while you're resident in it, so you can address issues in the very moment they arise, rather than leaving a neighbour to cope with it).