Every summer, our attic was acting like an oven sitting on top of our house. When we installed a new roof, we had the attic done at the same time: they sawed out new venting along the sides, and added "Ridge Vents" along the entire upper ridge. This was key, as now the hot air simply rises up and out of the attic, sucking in cooler air behind it. They also sprayed a bunch of new insulation over the 1950s-era stuff that was already up there.
The results are stark. We open the house up overnight and then shut everything first thing in the morning. While our neighbors--on both sides--are turning on their AC at 8-9am, we skate by until 2-4pm (when the inside temperature hits around 80 or so) and we only have to run sparingly it for a few hours.
Will it take a long time to recoup the cost? Probably. But we get to feel smug whenever the neighbors fire up their AC units.