oh man... it would be hard to come up with another questions where the responses will be as varied and ultimately boil down to "it depends". It's also the sort of question where photo enthusiasts will fight with one another to the grave.
Well, here goes:
From what you've described
virtually any interchangable lens camera made in the last 6 years will be more than enough. While this will certainly invite a deluge of dissidence from photobugs who pixel-peep,* a 12MP sensor is sufficient for printing great photos up to and even exeeeding 11x14". Literally every dSLR out there exceeds this threshold, and while the latest crop of cameras have ≥24MP sensors and unquestionably produce sharper images and have better features than their predecessors, it is very hard to spot the differences in quality unless the photos were both i) shot and post-processed by someone with a lot of skill and ii) printed or displayed in a very large format (>> 8x10").
So --- what should you get?On one hand it doesn't matter. Find a camera that was made 2-4 years ago that is selling for cheap and go with it. Regardless of what you choose you'll be able to do the sorts of thigns you are talking about.
A few things to consider though...Lenses only fit one brand of camera. People will make a big deal out of this and suggest that you will be 'locked into' whatever brand you initially start with. I think this is overblown for a few reasons; #1 most casual photographers wind up with just 1-3 lenses, so the 'penalty' for switching into an entirely new system isn't that great, and #2 people who get really into photography ultimately want to upgrade what they start with anyway and sell what they bought, so it doesn't matter if you jump from one brand to another.
dSLR vs mirrorless. I shoot with a dSLR (a Sony a77II if you care - mostly for 'legacy' reasons (see above)). however, if I were to start from scratch right now I'd seriously skip over the dSLR category entirely and go for mirrorless. Why? Size and future compatibility. Up until ~5 years ago the best cameras were all dSLRs, built around the old SLR format from 35mm film. But with that came compromises - the camera bodies were much bigger than they needed and build around a large 35mm mirror box (both to be compatible with 'legacy' film lenses as well as to incorporate the ttl autofocus and metering systems that had been developed over the last 3 decades).
Nowadays mirrorless cameras are starting to equal dSLRs and most industry watchers expect them to completely replace dSLRs in all but small niches. They have some major advantages (no mirror box, smaller size, less distance from lens-to-sensor, live-view) and their traditional weakpoints (auto-focus, metering) have narrowed considerably lately.
That said, there are way more very cheap dSLRs out there than there are cheap mirrorless cameras.
suggestions?
Sigh... here goes. As I said anything made in the last 6 years will be more than enough for your purposes. I'd look through the camera reviews from
https://www.dpreview.com/reviews?category=cameras and start looking for models that were announced anyhere between 2012 and 2014 and start there. Then use ebay/craigslist to look for those models.
Canon's entry-level Rebel cameras will give you great bang-for-your-buck, and you can find used models on ebay for $100-200. A step up in Canon-land would be the 50D or the 70D - both available used for around $200-300.
Nikon's d5200 and d5500 are also great and within that price range
Sony's a65 and a77 are another two options.
If you want to go mirrorless and cheap I'd look for Sony's older models (used) - the a5100, a6000 & a6300 hold up well. If you can find the original Sony a7 mirrorless (before the a7ii and the a7R and a7S... confused yet?) then you can get a great camera that holds up well even against 2016 models.
tl/dr: the most important part of a camera is what's 12" behind it (the photographer). Any camera will do the trick.