The program would not require significant tax increases for the average person; rather it likely necessitates increases in the top marginal tax brackets. This goes to all forms of income: personal income tax, capital gains/dividends tax, and estate tax. That is something I fully support, even though I intend to end up in those tax brackets over time. I'll note that in the 60's/70's at different points the US' top income tax rate was 91%, capital gains tax rate was 40%, and estate tax rate was 77%. I'd like to see something similar, although probably a lower income tax rate and higher rates for capital gains.
Why stop at the top? In 1960 the lowest federal income tax bracket was 20%. Most middle class would be 30-45%.
Of course, this doesn't include all the additional taxes like the those introduced via the ACA, SS taxation. SS was 4.5% vs 12.4% today. Medicare/Medicaid taxes didn't exist. State and local taxes were far lower relatively speaking. It's also misleading to think that our prosperity was due to high taxes, that's false. You cannot tax yourself into prosperity, look to other means.
More troubling is the trend to support higher taxes for personal benefits from the government. In 1960, the military was about 55% of spending, today it's around 16%. We're seeing the growth of entitlements at a historically unsustainable level. I wouldn't be upset at raising taxes if it went to things like military or the state department where people aren't receiving a tangible benefit, but we're raising other people's taxes to sell votes. It's a perversion of the political process.