In theory, but Congress could exercise it's oversight authority should the resulting system be overly chaotic. That's the legal underpinnings for the Voting Acts Act of 1965, which forced several southern states to adjust how they conducted elections (as they were grossly discriminatory).
Of course congress would have to actually ACT, which is why a whole long list of schenanigans still takes place with states changing voter registration logs and polling places and whatnot in a translucent attempt to limit the turnout of certain groups.
Funny you should mention it. In 2013 the conservatives in the Supreme Court
struck down the formula for which states required federal oversight before they changed election laws, claiming it was out-of-date. The very next day the Republican legislature in North Carolina requested statistics on how people vote by race, and started working on and eventually passed a "voter ID" bill to cut out all of the forms that
black people use (cut early voting, don't accept forms of ID that black people are more likely to have, eliminating same-day voter registration which black people are more likely to use, etc.). It was eventually unanimously struck down by a 3-judge panel as being intentionally racist and therefore unconstitutional, ruling that
"it targeted African-Americans with almost surgical precision" and that the state's defence of "we're not targeting black voters because they're
black, we're targeting black voters because they're more likely to be
Democrats" was not good enough. No seriously, that was the defence.
Not to mention that our state's district map has
also been thrown out as an
unconstitutional racial gerrymander, but Republicans have managed to slow-walk the process of justice so well that we've been voting under it for the entire decade
anyway. And the current event is that the new map for 2020 which is supposed to just be regular-old partisan gerrymandered (thanks again Supreme Court) after the courts ordered the legislature to redraw the maps without using race data,
once again were drawn with race data. We only found out about that because the Republican's map-drawer died and his daughter inherited his computer.
Now that Democrats have recaptured the majority in the House they are
currently working on revising the pre-clearance formula like the Supreme Court said they should (which the Republicans ignored for the last 6 years). It remains to be seen if the Republican Senate would be interested in picking that up and/or if Trump would veto. After all, why would they want to hurt their own party's representation? Still, I'm hopeful that one day this state may once again be a functioning democracy.