Based on the last 6 months or so:
1. The US is going to continue to polarize, until we hit a point where we either snap back together, or break apart and form something new (ie, no more GOP or Democratic parties, hopefully not a civil war).
2. The rest of the world is going to basically ignore the US. We will slowly lose influence, moral right, goodwill, etc until someone else becomes the dominant world country. China is a possibility, but given their history of looking inward, I kinda doubt it. I'd think Europe is more likely. This seems to be starting already.
3. Scientific and education excellence will very clearly shift away from the US and towards other countries/regions.
4. Health care as we know it will end, for good or ill, and unfortunately the non-rich are going to be the losers. Of course, they might wake up and essentially revolt. There's way more of them than the rich, so while it would probably get messy, I think in the end we'll end up with single payer. It might take 50 years.
Other predictions, wider than the US & Trump:
5. Coal as an industry is dying. Nothing's going to bring it back.
6. Renewable/alternative energies are going to continue to increase, and costs will decrease. Over time, oil/gas will be pushed out. Transportation technologies will continue to advance and spread, until the combustion engine exists only in antique cars and museums.
7. We're going to lose access to antibiotics due to bacterial resistance. The death toll as a result is going to be horrible, and a lot of people who have fragile health, multiple health conditions, are disabled, etc will die from "minor" illnesses and infections that they aren't strong enough to fight. Infant & child mortality will increase. Vaccination will become an ever more important tool, because we won't be able to treat secondary infections, so preventing as much illness as possible will be critical. People who refuse or are not able to be vaccinated will have a much higher death rate. Eventually, we'll come up with something to replace antibiotics, but we will be much more careful in their use, with strict requirements to be prescribed the new medication/treatment, and strict supervision of adherence to it.
8. Climate change is going to kill a lot of people, drastically change the balance of power at local, regional, and world levels, and we're all going to get smart about not building in flood zones. There will also be a lot more flood zones.