You say you have had cats before, but have you had kittens/"teenage" cats before?
Many of the things you post sounds like the cat is bored. Walks around screaming, takes swats at you when you walk by (the claws probably have something to do with being young), tryings to play with you on the sofa (again a little rougher then an older cat), and messes with your things to get your attention (work gloves and painting).
You sound shocked that a cat does not want to be held . . . some do, some don't, and some only on their own terms.
Stealing the kid's toys could be because the cat is bored (see above) or it just doesn't know the difference.
You make 2 issues out of 1 . . . scratching. Cats will scratch the window screens and the sofa are the same problem. I wish I could offer some help with teaching the cat what it an claw, but I cannot remember how we did (our last batch of cats were born in '96 and only one remains).