Author Topic: Covered calls ETFs and other funds that trade options (e.g. QYLD, NUSI and JEPI)  (Read 2545 times)

Padonak

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What are your thoughts about covered calls ETFs and other similar funds such as QYLD, XYLD, JEPI, NUSI etc? Do they have a place in a mustachian portfolio?

These funds use options trading to improve returns and pay high dividend yields (e.g. 11.73% for QYLD).
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QYLD?p=QYLD

There are even commodities-based ETNs (exchange traded notes) such as USOI for Oil, SLVO  for silver and GLDI - gold. USOI has a 30% dividend yield, for example.
 
There are many YouTube videos about these funds which are apparently very popular now. I watched a number of videos, looked at their fact sheets and Yahoo Finance pages. Some observations so far:

-The dividend yields are extremely high but is usually very little if any capital appreciation (or for some of them, the price goes down even if the underlying index or commodity goes up over time). So based on very limited backtests (because these are relatively new funds), the total return of the fund may be less than for its underlying index. E.g. QYLD vs QQQ or XYLD vs S&P 500.

-Expense ratios are much higher compared to VTSAX etc, though JEPI's ER is pretty decent at 0.35%. Many other similar funds are 2X that ER or more.

-Taxation is pretty complicated and I'm still trying to figure it out. Just like REITs, they don't usually pay qualified dividends (the ones taxed at a lower rate). If you put them in taxable accounts, many of these funds mostly pay out return of capital as opposed to dividends, so your cost basis decreases by the payout amount each time until it goes to 0, then you pay ordinary dividends cap gains tax which is higher than qualified dividends. When you sell the fund after your cost basis went to 0, you pay cap gains tax on the entire amount. You can put them in tax advantaged accounts but then if you leave them there for many years there is no guarantee that the total return will be higher than e.g. for VTSAX.

I am still not sure if I'd like to invest in any of these funds but if I do, it'll probably be a small part of the overall portfolio. For those who are already retired and want to live on dividends, it may be a decent option especially if the total income is relatively low so tax inefficiency is less of a concern.

Edit: i already mentioned some of these funds in another topic about options trading but feel like this is an interesting enough subject to warrant its own thread.




« Last Edit: June 05, 2021, 04:08:30 PM by Padonak »

ice_beard

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I hesitate to even reply to this because I know my rationalizations for using these funds will likely be blown out of the water.  I'm completely open to differing opinions.  I have a small but growing positions in QYLD and ARCC (this is not covered call generated income but a BDC.)  Most of the QYLD is in our IRAs but I also have some in my taxable brokerage (gasp!)  (Any allocation to something like QYLD is long after all applicable tax efficient accounts have been maxed, obviously.)  Here is why and the reasons are not listed in any particular order. 

1. I have been holding entirely equities and cash in my brokerage portfolio.  I have zero bonds and don't really see that allocation changing any time soon.  Until rates improve, I don't see much reason to buy bonds at all.  I realize, these are not bonds.  They are substituting for bonds in my brokerage account at this time because I don't really want to be just stocks with some cash.  I'm looking for SOME diversification.  I'm probably ~8 years from full FIRE. 

2. This particular fund is considered by some a reasonable option during a down or sideways market.  I have plenty of equity exposure if we continue to see 8%+ years and yes, I'll miss out some by having $$ in QYLD and not in QQQ.  I'm okay with that. 

3. And this might be the biggest reason...  having monthly income from QYLD honestly gets me a step closer to partial FIRE, at least psychologically.  If I can earn $1000/month that I can re-invest in QYLD or VTSAX or pay my mortgage, that is money that will keep me from picking up a part time job that would otherwise generate a bit of extra income.  I have a baby at home and I don't really want to spend more time working.  I'll happily take $1000 (minus big time taxes from FED/CA of course) from QYLD than spend a single hour more of my time at a second job. 
I also have some REITs and MLPs that I picked up on the cheap in 2020 and now produce dividend income and I plan on keeping these long term.  (See reason #4 for holding back some cash). 

In order to earn that much monthly, I'm only talking about 4% of my FIRE number, so it's not like I'm even making a massive allocation to this particular segment of my portfolio.  After a year or so, I will do a back test analysis to see how much I've lost (or made) by buying QYLD vs. VTSAX and that will likely influence how I move on from here. 

There is a MAJOR caveat here and it probably applies to most FIRE folks....  If I needed to put 50% of my asset allocation to make what felt like a meaningful amount of monthly income, I don't think that would be a good strategy as you would likely miss out on a significant amount of capital appreciation.  But with < 5% or even 10%, I think it's acceptable.  If you are near FIRE and don't necessarily need growth from your equities anymore, a fund like QYLD that can provide monthly income might be a good idea while bond options remain in le toilette. 

4.  I'm also holding some of my "cash" in it.  If I can relatively safely get really anything over 3% for my cash holdings, well wonderful!  I like to hold some cash, again a small percentage of overall FIRE#.  I disagree with the investing every cent you earn when you earn it concept.  Screw that.  You never know when a catalyst is going to destroy particular stock or asset class and I don't want to sell anything (besides QYLD that has been earning me 10%) to make a purchase.   
« Last Edit: June 06, 2021, 02:23:16 PM by ice_beard »

specialkayme

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What are your thoughts about covered calls ETFs and other similar funds such as QYLD, XYLD, JEPI, NUSI etc? Do they have a place in a mustachian portfolio?

Covered calls generally as a strategby underperform the market. So an ETF that holds an asset that generally underperforms the market, and then takes fees off the top, doesn't sound very attractive to me. That is, to me, as a general concept. If I liked the idea of the ETF, I would just run covered calls myself. It isn't that much work, more tax efficient, and not hard, thus "paying" myself the 0.6% expense fee.

I'm not sure what the ETFs could provide me that I can't provide myself.

-Taxation is pretty complicated and I'm still trying to figure it out.

Beyond the above, the biggest reason I haven't dove further into these ETFs. The tax consequences are massively different than a long term buy and hold.

I have zero bonds and don't really see that allocation changing any time soon.

Beyond creating a better risk adjusted return over time, Portfolio Margin is a large reason to hold bonds. Most bonds (VGSH, TLT) have very little (if any) reduction in buying power on your account. Which means you can buy bonds and still use your buying power to do other transactions (I do mostly options, but your flavor may vary). By having the bonds it protects you against large corrections while increasing overall returns.

Until rates improve, I don't see much reason to buy bonds at all.

When are the rates good enough?

Bond rates are priced to persuade investors away from other investments, like equities. If the market is struggling (as it is lately) bonds don't need to attract capital, and offer low (but stable) returns, like you're seeing now. You may likely get better returns by putting it into equities. When equities start taking off and trending higher (last bull market), bonds will increase rates, but not enough to offset the increase in equities. But equities are on fire at that point. So bonds might be offering 2% or 3%, but is that enough to attract you to change your tune when equities are returning 11% or 15%? I doubt you'd choose a 10% haircut when equities are on fire if you won't take a 4% haircut when equities are flat.

But the kicker is that bond rates are a reaction to equities. Which means bonds will be offering higher (than today) rates RIGHT BEFORE the market drops off. So who knows when the right time to own bonds is? Choosing when is like timing the market. Not really possible.

But of course, having some allocation to bonds has provided a more consistent and stable income stream, at reduced risk levels, for almost every year since bonds and equities have existed. Even if you don't like the return of bonds, if you don't want to go back to working for someone else you need to (1) create enough income to pay your expenses, and (2) make sure that income stream can last in up, down, or sideways markets. And bonds to one extent or another, like it or not, help considerably with both of those.

And this might be the biggest reason...  having monthly income from QYLD honestly gets me a step closer to partial FIRE, at least psychologically.

But does it return a better RISK ADJUSTED return than some of the more stable portfolios? Sure, you might get 11% dividends (at horrible tax treatment), but is it backtested and stable enough to outcompete the 5% safe withdrawal rate of a Golden Butterfly [or insert your own choice] portfolio?

After a year or so, I will do a back test analysis to see how much I've lost (or made) by buying QYLD vs. VTSAX and that will likely influence how I move on from here. 

From what I've seen from others that have owned it for 1-3 years, they've generally been dissatisfied with their choice at the end. But YMMV.

Padonak

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Covered calls generally as a strategby underperform the market. So an ETF that holds an asset that generally underperforms the market, and then takes fees off the top, doesn't sound very attractive to me. That is, to me, as a general concept. If I liked the idea of the ETF, I would just run covered calls myself. It isn't that much work, more tax efficient, and not hard, thus "paying" myself the 0.6% expense fee.

I'm not sure what the ETFs could provide me that I can't provide myself.


Can you explain why selling covered calls yourself is more tax efficient than investing in a covered calls ETF?

Another question: if covered calls as a strategy generally underperform the market, why do some investors use this strategy at all instead of just investing long term in underlying indexes or stocks? How do they manage to outperform the market and if they do, why wouldn't a professional asset manager that runs an options fund be able do do the same?
« Last Edit: June 07, 2021, 10:10:58 AM by Padonak »

specialkayme

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Can you explain why selling covered calls yourself is more tax efficient than investing in a covered calls ETF?

Timing mostly. I can choose to close out losing positions in months/years I have gains to cancel out, or vice versa. I have no choice in an ETF.

If I wanted to sell covered calls on LEAPs and let them expire, I can classify the gains as long term at preferred rates. Not an option with an ETF. I don't have enough fortune telling ability to do that reliably though. But others sure could.

I also get to choose my strategy, going as far into or out of the money as I want, near or as far as I want. I don't get that choice with an ETF.

Plus, with some of those ETFs, you're depreciating your basis considerably while others you aren't. You may get hit with a large tax bill at the end of your holding period (or not), which could impact your decision to get out of a losing position (or not).

Another question: if covered calls as a strategy generally underperform the market, why do some investors use this strategy at all instead of just investing long term in underlying indexes or stocks?

I think you could ask that question for every strategy. There are entire forms dedicated to why you should just invest in the market for a reason.

Beyond the philosophical thoughts, covered calls have a place in someone's toolbelt. But it isn't the tool. The stock market itself really only returns phenomenal returns a few days a year. Between 2000 and 2020, the S&P returned an annualized return of 6.06%. If you didn't participate in the best 10 days over those 20 years, your return dropped to 2.44%. If you missed the best 30 days, you dropped to -1.95%. The old saying, time in the market vs timing the market, has validity. Covered calls force you to miss out on those large move days, pulling your returns down. The question is if you can make up all of those gains, and then some to account for the risk, by selling calls. To capture more of those up days, you have to sell further OTM, reducing your return from the calls. Or you can try and capture more premium by going further ATM, but you'll have a very bumpy ride.

In the 5,000 trading days between 2000 and 2020, ~4,990 of them (99.8% of the time) made selling covered calls look awesome. You got nice, consistent bond like gains (2.44%) from owning the underlying plus sweet cherries for selling calls. Except those 10 days everyone else raked in an additional 3.6% and you watched it fly away. . . and then tax day came and you found you didn't get the bargain you were looking for.

effigy98

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I use NUSI as my deflation and recession hedge as my confidence of bonds is low right now. It is doing a great job on those fronts on preserving capital and giving yield. NUSI will probably still do ok in stagflation. I don't like the others as they are much too volatile for me and I want to preserve wealth and FIRE. If looking for growth with a dividend, maybe look at something like SCHD. I feel like you need to be super hedged with a PE over 35, but I thought that at 30 too and have been wrong... who knows, but NUSI is a good hedge that still makes money and protects the downside.
« Last Edit: June 07, 2021, 08:46:15 PM by effigy98 »

ChpBstrd

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Looking at QYLD and XYLD, it seems they are selling at-the-money call options, which means getting assigned a majority of the time. If the market "runs away without them" the funds have to sell low and buy high to get back into the market for the next round. So if the amount of premium received does not exceed the amount the market rises beyond their strike prices, the fund loses money (I say prices because I'm sure they're not just doing one strike price or duration and cornering their own market; they're spreading out and averaging). Thus, in a fast-rising market, these funds could suck. E.g. Sell at CC at the current price strike, get premium worth 1% of the underlying asset, then the underlying asset rises 3%, assignment occurs at a 1% profit, fund buys back into the market at a 2% higher price than they received in the earlier round, repeat and rinse while paying a dividend as the fund goes down.

I sell CC's around the 0.1 delta, which means I get assigned only 10% of the time and already experienced significant profits any time I'm assigned. AND I dial back my call selling if volatility is too low and the returns dry up. I'm not getting greedy - just trying to juice returns by maybe 1-2% by winning most of the time. I am not aware of any CC funds doing my preferred style, but I wish there was one because they could probably do it more efficiently than me.

Still, even my strategy is somewhat silly if one considers that options are priced with mechanical efficiency, with supercomputers calculating historical odds and expected value. Thus, there is a case to be made that these funds are just exchanging capital appreciation for dividends - and not lowering one's risk profile in the process.

I am interesting in a collar strategy ETF, but haven't come across one with a strategy I agree with. I'm open minded here too, but again I think they are operating too close to the current price. I need a collar to protect me from major SORR events such as 20-50% drops, not single-digit fluctuations or even 10% corrections. My ideal collar looks a lot like a low-vol version of the market's performance until the day a bubble peak or massive correction hits. It does not look like NUSI's 33% underperformance of the Nasdaq over the past year. They're obviously leaving themselves no upside. Who cares about taxes if you're under-performing by that much?

Are any of these bond substitutes? Certainly not the CC funds, which leave investors fully exposed to the stock market's downside. NUSI's performance in 2020 resembles a junk bond fund, as does their yield, which is not bad considering that bankruptcy is off the table. But it's still not a bond. It's a poorly hedged stock position.

Financial.Velociraptor

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If I wanted to sell covered calls on LEAPs and let them expire, I can classify the gains as long term at preferred rates. Not an option with an ETF. I don't have enough fortune telling ability to do that reliably though. But others sure could.



@specialkayme that is a common misconception.  Short positions are always taxed as short term gain/loss even when held for greater than a year. 

ALLTHAT

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I hesitate to even reply to this because I know my rationalizations for using these funds will likely be blown out of the water.  I'm completely open to differing opinions.  I have a small but growing positions in QYLD and ARCC (this is not covered call generated income but a BDC.)  Most of the QYLD is in our IRAs but I also have some in my taxable brokerage (gasp!)  (Any allocation to something like QYLD is long after all applicable tax efficient accounts have been maxed, obviously.)  Here is why and the reasons are not listed in any particular order. 

1. I have been holding entirely equities and cash in my brokerage portfolio.  I have zero bonds and don't really see that allocation changing any time soon.  Until rates improve, I don't see much reason to buy bonds at all.  I realize, these are not bonds.  They are substituting for bonds in my brokerage account at this time because I don't really want to be just stocks with some cash.  I'm looking for SOME diversification.  I'm probably ~8 years from full FIRE. 

2. This particular fund is considered by some a reasonable option during a down or sideways market.  I have plenty of equity exposure if we continue to see 8%+ years and yes, I'll miss out some by having $$ in QYLD and not in QQQ.  I'm okay with that. 

3. And this might be the biggest reason...  having monthly income from QYLD honestly gets me a step closer to partial FIRE, at least psychologically.  If I can earn $1000/month that I can re-invest in QYLD or VTSAX or pay my mortgage, that is money that will keep me from picking up a part time job that would otherwise generate a bit of extra income.  I have a baby at home and I don't really want to spend more time working.  I'll happily take $1000 (minus big time taxes from FED/CA of course) from QYLD than spend a single hour more of my time at a second job. 
I also have some REITs and MLPs that I picked up on the cheap in 2020 and now produce dividend income and I plan on keeping these long term.  (See reason #4 for holding back some cash). 

In order to earn that much monthly, I'm only talking about 4% of my FIRE number, so it's not like I'm even making a massive allocation to this particular segment of my portfolio.  After a year or so, I will do a back test analysis to see how much I've lost (or made) by buying QYLD vs. VTSAX and that will likely influence how I move on from here. 

There is a MAJOR caveat here and it probably applies to most FIRE folks....  If I needed to put 50% of my asset allocation to make what felt like a meaningful amount of monthly income, I don't think that would be a good strategy as you would likely miss out on a significant amount of capital appreciation.  But with < 5% or even 10%, I think it's acceptable.  If you are near FIRE and don't necessarily need growth from your equities anymore, a fund like QYLD that can provide monthly income might be a good idea while bond options remain in le toilette. 

4.  I'm also holding some of my "cash" in it.  If I can relatively safely get really anything over 3% for my cash holdings, well wonderful!  I like to hold some cash, again a small percentage of overall FIRE#.  I disagree with the investing every cent you earn when you earn it concept.  Screw that.  You never know when a catalyst is going to destroy particular stock or asset class and I don't want to sell anything (besides QYLD that has been earning me 10%) to make a purchase.


I have been toying around thinking about getting to FIRE faster in 5 years. I have 5-600k in stocks, over 700k in 401, and a pension plan. currently 98% of my stock have been in just one stock, that has made me a lot of money over the years. I am looking to fund my retirement in 5-6 years by replacing my monthly income with monthly etf like qyld. that is until I turn 59-60 to access my 401k.

I've been building a spreadsheet that allows me to estimate and calculate dividends for a any monthly stock/etf dividends. This of course is based on trends and averages. It is what has me thinking about taking a big risk but it make sense for me right now.

I am looking at selling all/almost all my stock and placing it into qyld (5-600k) and contributing about 500-1000 bones a month in addition to the drip for the next 5-6 years. this should meet my goal and provide income. I am not worried about selling the stock ever, but I would like to make sure I can pass it on to my children as well... something I am not 100% sure just yet.

I am not sure how crazy this plan is.

MustacheAndaHalf

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@ALLTHAT - Holding a single stock during the past decade of a bull market might be lulling you into not worrying about single stock risks.  Consider this: if that single stock crashes 50%, your retirement assets crash 50%.  I would diversify away from that single stock as you approach retirement, and your goal becomes preservation of capital.

This thread focuses on the "covered calls", but doesn't focus enough on what QYLD holds, which is the tech-heavy Nasdaq.  See for yourself:
https://etfdb.com/etf/QYLD/#holdings
https://etfdb.com/etf/QQQ/#holdings

I would say two things about the performance of QYLD and QQQ:
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QYLD/performance?p=QYLD
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/performance?p=QQQ

(1) The performance of QYLD has trailed QQQ every single year.  Covered calls at the money are really bad for capturing stock performance.

(2) QQQ crashed -41.68% in 2008 and then -74% from 2000-2002.  Since QYLD's history goes back to 2014, you can't see the risks there.  In a crash, QYLD will take the full losses of the stock it holds - that's what is in the ETF.  I expect bond like positive returns and stock like losses.  How can QYLD recover if all of the stock gains are sold off as covered calls?  The calls will help, but I expect it to do poorly in a crash / recovery cycle.

MustacheAndaHalf

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2. This particular fund is considered by some a reasonable option during a down or sideways market.  I have plenty of equity exposure if we continue to see 8%+ years and yes, I'll miss out some by having $$ in QYLD and not in QQQ.  I'm okay with that.
...
4.  I'm also holding some of my "cash" in it.  If I can relatively safely get really anything over 3% for my cash holdings, well wonderful!
If you have links from nearly a year ago, I'd like to read why my analysis was wrong, above.  Even using QYLD's own website, it's a Nasdaq 100 ETF that sells covered calls.  I think safety of Nasdaq stocks is an illusion that could be shattered during a crash - and QYLD gives up the recovery by selling covered calls.
https://www.globalxetfs.com/funds/qyld/#holdings


I also have some REITs and MLPs that I picked up on the cheap in 2020 and now produce dividend income and I plan on keeping these long term.  (See reason #4 for holding back some cash). 
@ice_beard - I recently learned about self-directed IRAs, which can hold real estate and MLPs.  Most brokerages simply don't offer this because it's outside their specialty.  You would need to research of these MLPs can trigger UBIT (Unrelated Business Income Tax), and how much.  There's also special handling for loans or leverage which makes a part of the IRA taxable.

Before setting up a self-directed IRA, I bought the "self-directed IRA handbook".  It's a tedious, repetitive book - and I'm very happy I read it.  If there's any family or their spouses in an MLP, your IRA cannot invest in it.  You could also read about self-directed IRAs online to get an overview.  In another thread I mentioned I'm investing in venture capital: most of that is inside a self-directed IRA.

ALLTHAT

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@ALLTHAT - Holding a single stock during the past decade of a bull market might be lulling you into not worrying about single stock risks.  Consider this: if that single stock crashes 50%, your retirement assets crash 50%.  I would diversify away from that single stock as you approach retirement, and your goal becomes preservation of capital.

This thread focuses on the "covered calls", but doesn't focus enough on what QYLD holds, which is the tech-heavy Nasdaq.  See for yourself:
https://etfdb.com/etf/QYLD/#holdings
https://etfdb.com/etf/QQQ/#holdings

I would say two things about the performance of QYLD and QQQ:
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QYLD/performance?p=QYLD
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/performance?p=QQQ

(1) The performance of QYLD has trailed QQQ every single year.  Covered calls at the money are really bad for capturing stock performance.

(2) QQQ crashed -41.68% in 2008 and then -74% from 2000-2002.  Since QYLD's history goes back to 2014, you can't see the risks there.  In a crash, QYLD will take the full losses of the stock it holds - that's what is in the ETF.  I expect bond like positive returns and stock like losses.  How can QYLD recover if all of the stock gains are sold off as covered calls?  The calls will help, but I expect it to do poorly in a crash / recovery cycle.

For me I need / looking for a monthly dividends options. With 5 years to retire, I am looking for monthly income for the next 10 years when I can touch my 401Ks and pension.
I am very new to the FIRE world however I done some basic investing in stocks but nothing that I think would give me FU money forever.

I am working on a spreadsheet to help figure and compare my options visually. I am very interested in monthly dividends that I can leverage. if QYLD and QQQ are not an option what do people recommend. As we are going into a recession now.

EvenSteven

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@ALLTHAT - Holding a single stock during the past decade of a bull market might be lulling you into not worrying about single stock risks.  Consider this: if that single stock crashes 50%, your retirement assets crash 50%.  I would diversify away from that single stock as you approach retirement, and your goal becomes preservation of capital.

This thread focuses on the "covered calls", but doesn't focus enough on what QYLD holds, which is the tech-heavy Nasdaq.  See for yourself:
https://etfdb.com/etf/QYLD/#holdings
https://etfdb.com/etf/QQQ/#holdings

I would say two things about the performance of QYLD and QQQ:
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QYLD/performance?p=QYLD
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/performance?p=QQQ

(1) The performance of QYLD has trailed QQQ every single year.  Covered calls at the money are really bad for capturing stock performance.

(2) QQQ crashed -41.68% in 2008 and then -74% from 2000-2002.  Since QYLD's history goes back to 2014, you can't see the risks there.  In a crash, QYLD will take the full losses of the stock it holds - that's what is in the ETF.  I expect bond like positive returns and stock like losses.  How can QYLD recover if all of the stock gains are sold off as covered calls?  The calls will help, but I expect it to do poorly in a crash / recovery cycle.

For me I need / looking for a monthly dividends options. With 5 years to retire, I am looking for monthly income for the next 10 years when I can touch my 401Ks and pension.
I am very new to the FIRE world however I done some basic investing in stocks but nothing that I think would give me FU money forever.

I am working on a spreadsheet to help figure and compare my options visually. I am very interested in monthly dividends that I can leverage. if QYLD and QQQ are not an option what do people recommend. As we are going into a recession now.

What measurements or data are you using to determine this?

MustacheAndaHalf

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@ALLTHAT - Holding a single stock during the past decade of a bull market might be lulling you into not worrying about single stock risks.  Consider this: if that single stock crashes 50%, your retirement assets crash 50%.  I would diversify away from that single stock as you approach retirement, and your goal becomes preservation of capital.

This thread focuses on the "covered calls", but doesn't focus enough on what QYLD holds, which is the tech-heavy Nasdaq.  See for yourself:
https://etfdb.com/etf/QYLD/#holdings
https://etfdb.com/etf/QQQ/#holdings

I would say two things about the performance of QYLD and QQQ:
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QYLD/performance?p=QYLD
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/performance?p=QQQ

(1) The performance of QYLD has trailed QQQ every single year.  Covered calls at the money are really bad for capturing stock performance.

(2) QQQ crashed -41.68% in 2008 and then -74% from 2000-2002.  Since QYLD's history goes back to 2014, you can't see the risks there.  In a crash, QYLD will take the full losses of the stock it holds - that's what is in the ETF.  I expect bond like positive returns and stock like losses.  How can QYLD recover if all of the stock gains are sold off as covered calls?  The calls will help, but I expect it to do poorly in a crash / recovery cycle.
I am very new to the FIRE world however I done some basic investing in stocks but nothing that I think would give me FU money forever.
...
if QYLD and QQQ are not an option what do people recommend. As we are going into a recession now.
I think you mentioned 98% of your portfolio is invested in a single stock.  You're also aware of recession risks - isn't the time to act on that now?

The difference between most ETFs is pretty small compared to losses that are possible from having everything in one stock.  If that one stock crashes, you could lost most of your stock portfolio.  How has this single stock done over the past 6 months?  If it loses half it's value or more, how will you explain that to your spouse?

I'd take some risk off the table.  You don't have to go all the way to 63% cash like I've done (1), but you should lower your allocation to that one stock.  If it's in taxable, try and sell as much as you can while keeping taxes in mind.

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(1) I turned bearish earlier this month.  Historically the Fed can avoid a recession or fight inflation - not both.  Besides 63% cash, I picked various "value" oriented ETFs, which I expect to fall less in a crash.  An example is VLUE, which I picked for value characteristics (P/E and P/B).  I may switch, but it's part of my portfolio now.
https://www.morningstar.com/etfs/bats/vlue/portfolio