Some sort of introduction to welding class at a community college is a great idea if you have that available.
Having said that, the average guy with some basic craftsmanship skills can be up and welding in relatively short order with a "buzz box" type stick welder or a simple wire feed welder. Lincoln, Hobart and Miller put out some good books and instructional manuals that will teach you a lot. Most welding supply houses are pretty helpful too.
In my view, the most all around useful welder would be a 220V stick welder.
In addition to the hood will need good gloves, a slag hammer, wire brush, angle grinder, soap stone, band saw, sawzall, etc.