There is just one heat exchanger.
It cools the freezer only.
The fridge is cooled by routing a little of the freezer air into the fridge with a damper. The slider/knob in the freezer that adjusts freezer temp is really directing more or less cold air into the fridge.
The main temp knob in the fridge adjusts the actual thermostat.
The last reason I had a call for a cold freezer and warm fridge, it turned out that the air vent between fridge and freezer was blocked by ice, due to a clogged drain hose. Found the end of the drain hose, cut off the tip and cleaned it out, melted the ice with a hairdryer, worked as good as new.
Defrost timer could cause the same issue, though it would eventually effect the freezer too.
To find the problem, just start taking stuff apart. If you find ice built up somewhere, thats a big clue. A lot of times you can figure out how things are supposed to work just by taking them apart (or, at least, I can)