It depends heavily on the driving, type of driving, and somewhat on the type of oil.
If you have a lot of oil to change, it's often worth the oil analysis ($25 or so) to find out when you actually need to change it, but for most people this isn't worth the savings (unless you seriously geek out over engine oil).
There are several things to consider with oil degradation.
- Water. When the engine runs, it cycles air into the crankcase, and temperature cycles (day/night swings) will bring air into the crankcase as well. The water, if not boiled out, will eventually need to be removed. If you do a lot of long highway driving, the oil gets hot enough to get the water out, and this is less of a factor. For short city driving, or cold weather driving, the water builds up.
- Combustion blowby. This is dependent on your engine, but a loose engine with a lot of blowby will crud up and acid up oil a whole lot faster than a tight engine.
- Sheer. This isn't normally an issue with cars, but for motorcycles that share engine oil with the transmission, the transmission gears rip up the oil and it will sheer down to a much thinner oil by the time it's due for replacement.
I'd suggest an "or" approach to oil changes - either the specified number of miles for severe duty service (everything you do is severe driving... nobody, ever, meets the "normal service" requirements), or a given number of months. At least every year, but it could be more frequent depending on the engine.
Look into how picky your car is. Certain turbocharged engines are very, very picky, and need aggressive oil change schedules to avoid coking and damage. Others are a lot less picky.