Absolutely, you can do this. The hardest part is fine movements while your arms are holding up the fixture over your head, so prepare safe ways to set things down when you need to look at it a different way.
(Unless this is a wall sconce at eye level.)
Also there may not be a proper box, depending on your house. You can buy these with a turntable jack that digs into joists in either side of the hole if you need to.
I got really good with those in my 1971 tract house that I thankfully sold. All the ceiling fixtures were just screwed into the drywall.