I see I was hailed...
I am looking into buying my dad a solar kit that he could use for running a pool pump and/or use as a secondary energy source for his camper.
Don't. You'll buy him something that won't work, and will sit in the corner, having paid too much money for it.
A pool pump is a fairly power hungry, grid-AC-powered device. To offset some of the power use, you'll need a grid tied system that uses the power grid (requires permits, inspections, has to meet code, etc), or an illegal backfeed inverter with a power cord (illegal, also dangerous, probably voids house insurance policies if in use). Alternately, you'd need an off-grid capable system to allow him to isolate the pool pump, which is big bucks and not something you buy for someone as a gift.
That's also almost (but not quite entirely) incompatible with a solar setup for a camper - assuming 12V. Typical house panels are 60 cell panels, typical 12V panels are 36 cell, and you pick the proper one for your use. Little suitcase panels with a bag and stand can be useful for people with campers to charge 12V systems - my inlaws use a pair of those when they camp in their motorhome so they can keep the batteries topped off. But, again, not something to randomly buy for someone without knowing what their setup is.
I would like to understand the various specifications in order to purchase a system that will provide the energy necessary.
Well, for a pool pump system, you're at a couple grand for grid tied, probably $15k-$30k for an off grid capable system that can run a pool pump, depending somewhat on how powerful the pump is and how much you care about winter, but it's not going to be a hands-off system.
Again, you need to find out what he actually wants/needs for this stuff. You don't just buy people a solar gizmo and it magically works for both grid power and camper use.
Could you please explain in layman’s terms Voltage, Amps, Current, Watts etc. How they are all related and their relevance in how they meet the various product specifications.
No, you can search yourself for basic EE courses.
Seriously. This is a
bad idea and you're unlikely to buy him something he can actually use. Rethink your plan.