Yes, I believe you have to complete your 401k contributions by your last pay period of 2012--anything from Jan 2013 onward would count toward 2013. The 17K limit does not include employer match--there is an upward limit on it but you're very, very unlikely to ever reach it (the match would have to be probably over 100% of your salary).
For IRAs you have until April 15th, 2013 (tax filing deadline). However, you didn't state what your income is. If your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is too high, your ability to contribute to IRAs is phased out. The phase out range if you contribute to a 401k is from $92,000 – $112,000 if you file "married filing jointly". If you do not contribute to a 401k, then the phase out range jumps up to $173,000 - $183,000.
If you're above $112,000 in MAGI, then no IRAs for you. Unless you want to try the "back door Roth" method (google it). If you do have to do the "back door Roth" method, then that might be superior to just taxable accounts, assuming you want to put away that much for retirement.
Assuming that's not an issue, then if you expect your tax bracket to be lower in retirement than what you are paying now, then DO NOT do a Roth. It would be better to do the Traditional IRA and not pay the higher taxes now, and instead pay the lower taxes later. There are a variety of opinions on this though, and you can't really know what tax rates will be in the future anyway. Some think tax rates are likely to be much higher in the future.
The rollover should not have any impact on current year contributions.
I think you can buy certain Vanguard funds or ETFs through Fidelity, but they may charge you fees or commissions that you would avoid buying direct from Vanguard. I don't know why it's important for you to have it all at Fidelity, but assuming it is, I would suggest you look for comparable funds offered by Fidelity--in many cases for the most popular Vanguard funds (especially the kinds of low cost indexes and low cost ETFs often recommended here), Fidelity sells ones just like them, and in the case of ETFs each brokerage has a list of commission-free ETFs.
If I were in your shoes I would either buy Vanguard funds from Vanguard, or buy Fidelity funds from Fidelity. It might be easier to look at your portfolio having it all there, but I don't think that's really a big deal, so unless you had some restriction where you couldn't use certain brokerages, I don't see any good reason to keep it all at Fidelity.