OK, I'm going to take a slightly contrary view here and encourage you to keep caring and keep helping and teaching. Yes, draw boundaries where you need to, and make sure that all of your work is clearly documented (you don't want to end up getting the blame when someone else causes a deadline to be missed). And you can't fix "I don't care enough to try to do a good job." But other than that, the more you can develop your "work with stupid people" skills and help/motivate them, the more good you will do for the world.
The fundamental problem is that, the better you are at something, the higher the proportion of people you have to deal with who are worse than you. E.g., if you are the smartest guy in the room, then by definition, everyone else around you is stupid by comparison, which can leave you feeling like you are surrounded by idiots. But smart people also have different levels of people skills. I know smart people who make you feel like an idiot in every interaction; I also know smart people who just radiate intelligence and enthusiasm and raise up everyone around them. That's just one example; you can replace "smart" with any other characteristic and the lesson holds.
IOW it sounds like you are naturally much higher on the food chain than the people around you -- smarter, better work ethic, better executive function, more experience; whatever it is, the substantive work you are responsible for comes much easier for you than for those around you. But the work needs everyone to contribute to the best extent they can -- the best product almost never comes from the team with one awesome contributor on it; it comes from the team that gets the best out of each individual member. So maybe you can look at this as an opportunity to develop *other* skills that may not come as naturally to you, like patience with stupidity (always my favorite!), people management/motivation, cat-herding, etc. What can you offer that will help these other people learn to do their roles better, meet their deadlines, produce higher-quality work, etc.?