K, well first, I'm having a hard time parsing exactly what your issue is, but at least it looks like you have only one issue and not 7.
From what I understand, you have frames you like for biking and recently got new progressive lenses made at the ophthalmology clinic, and now you don't feel happy with your glasses anymore.
To me the obvious next step is to bring them back and explain that they are no longer comfortable and that you are not satisfied with the product and service you received.
They might just fix it for you, cross the bridge of worrying about demanding things or what insurance will pay if/when you have to cross that bridge. Don't worry about it until you have to. Just bring the glasses back and see first if they can explain why the new lenses don't fit, why your frames are now loose, and why the vision between the two eyes doesn't feel consistent.
It may be a fixable thing and it may not. Try to work with the ophthalmologist towards an acceptable conclusion. Don't anticipate being disappointed unless and until you have to.