I don't think you could do this easily (if at all) with pure HTML, though I'm not really a web dev, so someone feel free to correct me. HTML could do input validation and only accept a correct answer, but to then conditionally display the next option, you'd want some kind of script. That'd be in either PHP or Javascript, generally.
If I was doing this, I would just make the whole site as a React JS app, which can be set up pretty simply and then allows a very easy logical flow for what you're trying to do (take an input, conditionally render a component based on that input). But if you don't want to learn React, you could just do it in HTML and set a JS script as the action for the input form.