I haven't heard about chipped plates being vulnerable to bacteria growth, but if could be an argument for throwing away the worst cases. As you say, you will have enough of them to use the remaining for daily use. When having guests, just use the wedding present and wash by hand, even though especially with guests you would like to use your dishwasher.
Alternative: Start using the wedding present for daily use, use the dishwasher and accept that the gold/silver decorations disappear. As you have a double set, you could do that with a few dishes and keep the rest for when you get visitors.
Another alternative, depending on who gave you the wedding present and if they expect to be served with it: sell the wedding present and buy a new set of cheap plates.