Inner tubes blow out like that when the tire is not well seated on the rim. While it is nice to check for debris, and make sure that there aren't any spokes poking out, those things don't cause this problem. Also, using tire tools to install the tube can pinch the tube and cause it to flat upon inflation, but a) you're not doing that, and b) it causes a flat, not a blow-out. The blow-out is caused by a section of the tube getting out from underneath the bead of the tire. The tube, unsupported by the tire, can't hold the proper pressure and will explode like a balloon.
So, as others have mentioned, the procedure is to install the tube as you've already done (since your technique sounds just right there), but upon inflation, only give it a bit of pressure. You want the tube and tire to get to their final orientation, but not without some pressure that the tube blows out. Now, inspect the tire carefully. Spin the wheel in your hand. There should be an equal amount of sidewall visible all around the tire. Some tires have lines on the side. If so, the line should be at the same place all around, rather than dipping high or dipping low. Also, the tire itself when viewed from the side should be the same height all around. No hops. Look at it from the top now, looking down at the tire while it spins. You shouldn't have any side-to-side wobble of the tire. If you have any of these things, first, try to manipulate the tire in your hand. Wrest it from side to side. If that makes no difference, totally deflate the tire, and work the bead around the whole thing, just kind of pulling and tugging on it, to make sure the tire bead is evenly under the part of the rim that is designed to capture the bead. Then, inflate slightly, inspect, repeat if necessary. One more thing that can help is to use something slippery on the tube and tire. For instance, you can use talcum powder on the tube. That keeps it from sticking to the tire if you don't have a flat for a long time, but it also helps the tube to slide against the tire and take the correct orientation when mounting. You can also use soapy water to do somewhat the same thing, for tough cases.
Here's the thing: there's supposed to be a standard bead seat diameter for a given rim and tire. But, due to manufacturing tolerances, some rims can run a little large or small. And some tires can run a little large or small. You can't tell by looking or measuring, just by installing a tire. If you get a small tire and a large rim, then the tire is a bear to install. If you get a large tire and a small rim, then it is more prone to blowing out tubes. Also, some tires are just made somewhat wonky, and you'll never get an even seat for the bead no matter what you do.
So, if you really can't get the bead seated straight all around after you've tried all of the above, replace the tire. And one final thought- you might use a hand pump, if you have one, instead of the compressor. 50 psi is likely more pressure than you need. Generally, what's listed on the sidewall is maximum recommended pressure. For a 2.2" wide tire, you really shouldn't need to go above 35 psi. Higher psi will transmit more road vibration and thus feel faster, but it actually isn't any faster, and if you've got a sketchy tire/rim interface, you're more likely to blow out the tire getting to 50 psi than you would at 35.