So here’s what I include when I say my salary:
- The wage my employer gives me regularly every two weeks before taxes are taken out.
Here is what I don’t include when addressing that number:
- The amount of money I pay in taxes (Federal, State, etc.)
- The amount of money my employer pays in taxes (Federal, State, etc.)
- The cost I have to pay for any insurance products I may purchase
- The cost my employer may have to pay for any insurance products
- The amount I am “deferring” by contributing to Defined Benefit and/or Defined Contribution Plans paid by myself and/or my employer
- Any additional one-time-payments or bonuses (in my line of work at present, these are not guaranteed and rarely equal 5% or more of my income). In other jobs I have had, I would include this amount because it was up to 30+% of my income.
Your social security in the US will be lowered for any medical insurance plans you purchase or “cafeteria plans” - when purchased from your employer, or purchased by you when self-employed. For example, make 100k, but have to contribute 1k toward’s your healthcare, SS calls that 99k in income. Your 401k/403b contributions are income tax deferred, but you do pay social security tax on that amount. So for many people here putting in their $22,500 for the year, that does count. Also, social security has a maximum benefit cap and maximum taxation cap, which means only the first $160,200 you earn annually is subject to social security tax.
So, let’s say you have a household income of $100k, one person earns $60k, another person earns $40k.
Easiest way to reduce taxable income would be for both of you to contribute $22.5k into your 401k (or equivalent). That would allow for 45k (or 45%) of your income to be tax deferred. There are other tricks if one of you happens to be a business owner which can lessen your burden - for example if you open a SEP IRA, Solo 401k, or defined benefit pension plan for yourself/your company. There are additional pre-tax deductions all individuals qualify for medical insurance, tuition, student loan interest, and other things.
So much of taxes depends on where you live. Forbes has this little game you can play, though it has some errors (for example it won’t allow for higher than $19,500 in contributions to 401k). It might be a good starting place.
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/income-tax-calculator/california/100000/?filing=married&deductions=0&k401=19500&ira=0&dependents=0