Well, I'm pleased for you that you "saw the light" and it's always better starting late than never. Welcome.
Sounds like for your situation now you've made some good sensible choices already. CC debt cleared, emergency fund set up, paying down loan and regular savings set up.
If your student loan is only at 1% then in terms of maximizing financial position then you'd just pay the minimum, as almost any investment is likely to provide a better return over a few years. However, it's understandable to desire to be clear of all debts, and you may feel that effectively using the government loan as an investment isn't the right thing to do. Is the $800 a figure you have to pay (i.e gov requires you to pay a % of income) or a figure you chose? If I had the choice I'd either be at the minimum or the maximum (i.e. all my monthly savings), depending on preference.
What else would I do? I would look at how accessible your emergency fund needs to be, as keeping it in cash is costing you lost interest. For example, in the UK I invest money through Zopa (zopa.co.uk) which is a peer to peer lending service, so I lend £10 to some thousands of individual people borrowing money as a personal loan. Reason I mention it is that it's a pretty stable investment (current ~5% returns and even if a borrower defaults I only lose some portion of £10) and I can cash out most loans at a couple of days' notice for a 1% fee. So therefore I don't have much cash as emergency fund as I know I could get money from Zopa within days if needed. Your circumstances may be different, or a similar investment option may not be available.
In terms of pensions and investments, often what's best is driven by tax regulations in your area. In the UK you get tax relief on pensions investments when paying in (so pay £100 out of gross salary into pension and the £40 you would have paid in tax goes into the pension along with the £60 you would have had as net pay, for earnings in that tax band), so pensions are a good way to get an instant return on investment. Plus growth is tax free as well.
After that, I don't know what other tax-free accounts you could have. In the UK an individual can invest up to about £15000 a year in an ISA, there's no tax relief on investments like in pensions, but the investment growth is all tax free and you can take the money out again. So a UK tax payer saving money should always want to use their ISA allowance.
In terms of investments, you will presumably be working for a number of years, so you should be looking at longer term investments like equities I would think (more risk but higher expected long term returns). My view on investment is the Boglhead approach (don't know if you've heard of that) i.e. invest in low cost index trackers either equity, bond, property etc. and assume the best long term strategy is buying and holding investments, paying low fees and accepting investments go up and down in short periods, ignoring market news/fund manager waffle etc.. At the moment just starting off you may feel a bit more risk averse, so a mixed portfolio with some more stable bond tracker funds or property funds plus some equity could be good. Personally I have all my pensions investments in equities as I know I can't touch them for another 23 years minimum, so short term ups and downs don't matter, and non-pensions money I have mostly in bonds/property fund as I may want to use some of that sooner, so prefer more stable growth, and having equities in taxable accounts creates more tax implications as I might need to pay more tax on the dividends. Plus I have Zopa which means I have a mixture of equities, property, bonds and peer to peer lending, so I feel like I've got a fair amount of diversification (all of it is of course a bit correlated to global recessions etc. but I don't see a realistic way to avoid that).
For my investing I have an online account set up with a fixed-fee platform (don't want to pay 0.5% or something in fees on top of fund charges), that also means I avoid having to have lots of different accounts. Is something similar available to you? My monthly savings go into Zopa as there are no charges and I've currently more money in bonds than my ideal mix, so I use my monthly savings to slowly balance it out, my online account also has a regular investment option with fairly reasonable fees.
You don't mention your expenses, whether you have/are able to do anything about them. In terms of getting to FIRE expenses and investments are both important. Have you made changes there or do you have any options?
You say you don't plan to retire early, but that will really depend on your savings rate. As you've probably seen, if you saved half of your salary the figures would show you able to retire at that spending level in about 18 years, so that could still be several years earlier than the traditional age 65, depending on your expenses and future plans.
