You're not going to get that level of insight from Myers-Briggs.
A few things: I might guess that those who carp about the relative scientific quality of these frameworks in favor of things other than M-B could be INTJs. ;)
I'm an INTP for the record.
But getting the same "level" of emotional insight that it seems the Big 5 gave isn't maybe what M-B is even for. Not all hammers are meant for all nails.
Even further into the question, though, having learned what I have about emotional abilities and how they can improve hugely with the right approach, I view the emotional characterizations given in your description not as fixed qualities ("I'm like this; he's like that") but as points in the trajectory of emotional awareness. His emotional awareness has been very low, and it's possible for people to level up from that, but they of course have to be aware that it's possible and to want to take steps toward that.
I'm not saying that you're not correct about the insight you felt the Big 5 gave, but it seems then to not be able to capture (or even recognize that there is) a delta of a person's development and so I could say it too is fairly limited in its usefulness. :)
I've heard that the Big 5s don't change over the course of a life. Really? Do we actually know that, or has this system been given a pass because it's "scientific?" (PS, I haven't looked into any current ways of deploying the Big 5 so it itself could have updated its attitude, and I could just be wrong about what I think I remember about it.)
Last, I note that sometimes I feel like people are ready to pile on M-B because it was developed by women, which seems to allow people to question it more. This may not even be a conscious thing, but the precedent of the tear-downs of its legitimacy over the years primes people's skepticism going forward. Also, psychology has had a real inferiority complex about how scientific it has to prove itself to be to be considered a real thing, which itself is umm, interesting.
Western culture has some issues surrounding epistemology and what's considered legit knowledge and wisdom, and not everything that can be observed about people is as quantifiable as in other subjects of study.