The type and brightness of a light for a room depends on what you want to do in that room. LED bulbs are the most cost effective over time.
If you want a good light for reading, put an end table next to a chair and put a lamp on it. You want the bottom of the shade to be below your eye level so it doesn't shine in your eyes. But high enough to direct light onto your book. Or you could put a wall sconce (light that attaches to wall) next to your chair.
If you want to light people at a dining table and don't have electric wiring above the table, suspend a candle chandelier above the table. Or place tall candle holders on the table. (Low candles on the table light the undersides of people's chins. That's for flashlights at the campfire.)
If you want some dim ambient (over all) light for a TV room, you can place accent lights on tables and chests and install lower wattage bulbs. A few nightlights can help create enough ambient light.
If you want to make a room with a nice ceiling look more open, place floor lamps around the room. Or place can lights on the floor / tables / shelves and put lower wattage washer bulbs in them. Aim the can lights up and wash the wall.
If you want to have sufficient light in a kitchen so you don't cut your fingers off while working on a countertop, place strip lights under the upper cabinets.
If you want to shave or apply makeup in front of a bathroom mirror, put lightest the left and right of the mirror. Most bathrooms come with above-mirror lights but side lights are better if you get to choose one over the other.
If you want your room to be bright like the inside of a refrigerator, put lots of bright lightbulbs all over.
If you want a cozy effect, create areas of light and shadow. Not harsh shadows, but vary the amount of lights in different areas of the room. In general, have ambient light be 15% or more, task lights placed as needed with dimmers, and accent lights to show off special belongings and/or add more ambient light.
Inexpensive light fixtures and lamps can be found at stores like Target as well as thrift stores. Second hand stores can have great lamps and just need a new shade you get from Target.
Have fun!