I second Beyond the Beautiful Forevers.
In no particular order:
Apples are from Kazakhstan
Anything by Oliver Sacks, though you've probably read him already.
Phantoms in the Brain by V. S. Ramachandran (the neuroscience of phantom limbs and other weird stuff)
The Sleepwalkers by Arthur Koestler (interesting look at the evolution of our modern understanding of the universe and physics, going back to the Greeks but with particular focus on Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo)
Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys over Girls and the Consequences of a World Full of Men (about sex-selective abortion trends)
Since you mention A. J. Jacob's book, you might like his other one, The Year of Living Biblically
Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life by Annette Lareau
ps. Did you like The Shallows? It's on my list.
Update: Nevermind. You wouldn't have put it on a list of books to guide others' suggestions if you didn't like it.