Well money is an intermediary unit that is convenient for exchange (and assuming here that not-finite = infinite) then as information/knowledge and stuff is infinite so might be money. Right now I would lean towards disagreeing with your prof
information/knowledge/stuff are finite eve on a cosmic scale.
Also there are numbers so large that they can not be written down using all the atoms in existence so you could not specify such an amount of money, would that make it infinite? Am an engineer not a philosopher.
The creation of more money, ie increasing the supply, is what gold bugs and hard currency types define as inflation.
Or is your prof just extrapolating, 1000 years ago we had X money, 500years ago we had X^n money now we have X^m money therefor in 1000 years we will have more money than can be specified?
Read GGS years ago, really liked it.
The amount of money really does not matter, we could normalize it and have a perfectly fine economy where a new home cost 0.00000000001 dollars. Is just an intermediary unit that some special groups (The Fed) get to wave a wand and make more of but everyone else does not. I would guess that even after normalization it would continue to grow. (Banks with the fractional reserve system do something similar...).
Being mad at the 1% has nothing to do with the volume of money in existence; it has everything to do with its distribution and the rules for acquiring a larger personal share of that distribution.
In "a connecticut yankee in king arthur's court" there is a bit about how in one area a man is paid less per day of labor but that less money gets him more goods because of the industrial efficiency in that area. Some of the people from the 'higher' paid area think they are doing better because they get 100$ per day rather than 80$/day and they cant appreciate that that higher number gets them less stuff. good read, Twain knew his stuff.
I once subscribed to the "human effort / hours" sense of money but it brakes down when more money is created by the Fed or other banks, after this creation labor or stuff was not generated.
I guess in the end I would look at the profs original thought of "infinite money" as sort of "ok-maybe, I will give you that it can be arbitrarily large, but what does that get you?" and just because something can/has always grown does not make it infinite unless time is also infinite, then maybe... or at least until human and our soon to come Robotic Over Lords go extinct.
all right time to go back to lunch.