It appears the annual 10% return is based on a 360 day calendar. Every 30 days it earns 0.83%, or 0.0278%/day. The deposit on 10/14 is 4 days after the monthly interest payment, 4 days x 0.0278% =0.11%
Compound interest, let's say you only contribute $100 into an account that earns 10% annually and don't contribute anything after (not recommended). Your initial deposit will almost double in 7 years.
$100 invested
End of:
Yr 1 = $110 (100*1.10)
Yr 2 = $121 (110*1.10)
Yr 3 = $133.10 ($121*1.10)
Yr 4 = $146.41 (133.10 * 1.10)
Yr 5 = $161.05 (146.41 * 1.10)
Yr 6 = $177.16 (161.05 * 1.10)
Yr 7 = $194.88 (177.16 * 1.10)