I guess the "pensjonkapital" is the pension that I am entitled to?
Do you know
1) When do retirees get the pension, and if there is a way to get it earlier?
2) The cost "omkostninger" is in the range of 1500 Kr, what is this for?
3) Is there a way to use the pensions to invest in funds or equities market ?
4) How does the pension system work? It's an overly generic question, do the government take care of the retirees by dividing the "pensjonkapital" into X years and give it to retirees?
Yes, the "pensjonskapital" is the sum you have saved up.
1) You normally get it at 67, think its possible to start at 62. Generally you are supposed to take it out over 10 years, but might vary from provider to provider.
2) Probably fee to manage your plan. They tend to be quite high, like 1%
3) You can generally chose your investment profile, some % in equites. With my provider I can choose 50, 80 or 100% equities. There is generally some automatic reduction of equity exposure during the years leading up to retirement. Since your returns were > 10% you probably have som equity exposure in there.
4) You get some amount from the goverment. Its not a lot and especially not if you have short work career in Norway. This part is paid out until you die and its sort of inflation indexed (its indexed to wage growth). The rest you have to save yourself.
With my provider I can choose the equity percentage, but not the mix. The mix is 20% domestic equities and 80% global, the global part is FX hedged to NOK. I cannot influence any of these factors, only how much goes to equities and how much to bonds (global bonds, FX hedged). As said, I have 0% bonds, 100% equities.
How it works if you now live abroad I'm not sure, nor if you are entitled to any government pension at all. Maybe its possible to get the private part out earlier if you have left the country for good. I suggest you contact the provider and/or HR where you worked. I think you have to have worked / lived in Norway for 20 years to be able to take the government paid pension out of the country. Something else would be insane as the minimum is quite high and pretty much everyone on the planet would want to work for Norway for a year if this entitled you to the minimum until you die (it's like 20.000 dollars / year, inflation adjusted). If you came as a foreigner and have left you are probably not a member of "Folketrygden" anymore and most likely has no rights to anything in that direction (pension, free health care etc). The private part is your own money, however.
The amount you have now is quite low, paid out monthly over 10 years its not gonna total much. if 137.000 is all you have after working in Norway for a few years the private pension plan you have had has been pretty bad (quite common, the legal minium contributon from your employer isn't much (2% of your salary per year) and many people never think about it until its too late).
edit: there is some info here:
https://www.nav.no/en/home/benefits-and-services/relatert-informasjon/retirement-pension-and-living-abroad