As far as the cabinets go, just remove the toe kick covers on your cabinets, floor right up to the cabinets, then replace the toe kicks. This is common, if not standard, practice.
If you want your kitchen to have a different floor than the rest of the house I'd come straight off that peninsula about half the distance to the wall, then angle to the wall to create a separate kitchen space. Make a border with your "rest of the house" floor for the transition.