I'm no expert, but I don't think you'd get great adhesion and wouldn't be applying the poly on a ideally clean surface. If your floors aren't in too bad a shape, you might consider screening your floor (basically a light ruff up of the surface). This would still require renting the equipment, but wouldn't require quite the same experience level, time or degree of mess.
In the alternative, I've used Rejuvenate Gloss Wood Flor Restorer on my 10 year old wood floors with good results. It isn't a sand and recoat good, but for less than $20/32 ounce bottle and just clean flor and mop on, I was pleased with the results. You can get it at Home Depot.