My tactical suggestions are below. But before going into those, you need to look hard at yourself in the mirror, punch yourself in the face three times, and really re-think your "non-negotiables" and your overall life priorities.
You have a positive net worth, which is a good start, and you have no "hair on fire" credit card debt bearing double digit interest rates, which is also a good start. But you are fifteen years into adulthood, and your total lifetime financial accomplishments could fit inside a late model used Jaguar with room to spare (unless there is a massive 401k or HSA balance that you've omitted from your asset list -- but I'm assuming that you just started a new job and that your monthly contributions to those items are going into accounts that have just been opened and have negligible balances at the moment). A $38,100 net worth is something you should have at age 25, not 34 (e.g. $40,000 starting salary out of college, single-person living expenses of $25,000, you do the math...).
Do you realize that your debt-heavy lifestyle is costing you $9,000 a year in interest charges? That's right up there next to the tax man.
You admit: "Honestly, I am not used to living with more money than I spend!" People coming from that sort of background, who end up posting on this forum, do so often because they've come to realize that there might be better life strategies than "join the rat race for 40 years, spend most of what you earn mostly on needless consumerist crap, fret about retirement, and move to an 'active seniors' community at age 65." I'm supposing you're posting here in order to get advice on how to improve your financial position -- because you want seriously to increase your range of options in life, and not just have a bit extra put away so you can have slightly nicer pants to wear while playing shuffleboard in your old age.
With that in mind, here's my advice:
You car is off the hook for someone in your financial position. You really need to ask yourself if you can be passionate about some other hobby, and honestly acknowledge that pursuing this one is adding a huge drag to your financial life. It's adding years if not decades to your mandatory working career.
The student loan balance is also painfully high given that your education did not seem to land you a six-figure career; that's now water under the bridge, but it's a giant millstone you'll have contend with.
And you haven't shown the numbers of your idea of turning your current home into a rental property, but there is a very good chance that it is not worth the candle -- your return on equity invested would have to be enough in excess of 6.5% (your student loan rate, which is the one other thing I'd suggest you do with that money) to justify the risks, hassles and time-suck of being a landlord, which it probably isn't, because returns on stable, single-unit residential real estate investments aren't often much above 6.5%. Meanwhile, the equity trapped in the property would go a long way to right-sizing the student loan.
You need to radically re-think at least one if not both of the house and the car if you want to get past of that albatross of a student loan and get ahead in life.
Let's turn to the tactical choices you can make right now, while you take some time to figure those deeper questions out:
The ideal case would be to (1) cash-out refinance the home loan and use that to pay down the student loan by ~$50,000, then (2) put the student loan on the longest and lowest repayment plan possible, ideally the income-based repayment plan, while (3) maxing out your 401k and all other tax-advantaged investing accounts. Spare cash after that can go towards (4) bulking your emergency fund up to $5,000 and (5) additional student loan payments.
It sounds like you can't refinance the home loan, at least not now, so my suggested plan is to pick up with step (2), above, while checking every few months if the refinance scenario has changed.
The reason is this: A diversified 401k portfolio (e.g. 60% U.S. equities, 20% foreign equities, 20% bonds) can be expected to grow at 8%+ (nominal) per year over the long term, which is higher than your student loan rate. Plus, you are in the 25% tax bracket, which means the tax break on an extra $10,000 in annual contributions puts $2,500 right back in your pocket. Retirement contributions also reduce your Adjusted Gross Income on your tax return, which reduces the mandatory minimum payment on a IBR student loan plan. And while student loans are not forgiven in bankruptcy, 401k and IRA accounts are specially protected from creditors in bankruptcy as well, so from an asset protection point of view that's a wash. By all means, you will end up paying above the minimums, and for peace of mind you should pay at least enough to cover interest as it accrues, but the idea behind IBR is to minimize your mandatory monthly cashflow to give you flexibility month to month.
At this rate, you're going to be tied to your working career for a very long time. The best thing now is to take steps that have the best chance of maximizing your (currently small) net worth over the long term. All your loans have interest rates well below the expected long term return on investment securities, so it is not to your advantage to pay them off early. Rather, your advantage now lies in using leverage to build wealth by maximizing investments in growth assets, like a 401k account invested in a diversified portfolio -- and reaping some substantial current tax savings while doing it. A purist might say to extract the equity currently trapped in your home and invest that in securities too, rather than pay down the student loan, but I also see value in keeping your required monthly payments at least somewhat in check, to protect against external shocks (another job loss, a sudden large expense, etc.) -- plus you don't get the added boost of the tax deduction that a 401k give you -- so I'm happy enough to recommend that you keep your current leverage levels steady, without paying off loans early but also not increasing it.
Five or ten years from now, when you've built up a net worth in the hundreds of thousands, you can re-visit the idea of paying down the debts. For people contemplating some form of early retirement or semi-retirement, I frequently suggest de-leveraging and owning your house and car outright, right around the time you back away from full time work and high earnings (others recommend maintaining a leveraged position). This is to minimize as much as possible the monthly required payments, to build peace of mind and staying power (even at the expense of some potential incremental future growth) -- relying on investments in volatile financial markets to pay for basic living expenses is psychologically a lot different than relying on a steady paycheck from work. But as long as your are working and expect to keep at it for a long time, keep low interest loans outstanding and take advantage of leverage.