Seriously. OP, I work in an office of primarily men, in a megacorp with primarily men. And yes, I call them men, because that's the appropriate term and I would be the one labelled unprofessional if I went around referring to them as boys--as you've been told your habit of calling women 'girls' is doing, despite your refusal to hear it. And <gasp> multiple men I work with have stuffed animals in their offices. They're decorations/jokes/whatever, and no one goes around announcing "So and so has a stuffed fish! They must be a fourteen year old boy!"
Frankly, speaking as someone who's not a manager but is high enough in the tech lead pipeline to get asked to write a lot of reviews--if I heard someone referring to women as girls (and didn't apologize and correct themselves when it was pointed out why that was a problem), it would give me serious pause whether they could be trusted to lead a team or if they're going to be marginalizing (or alienating) a section of their workforce. It may not matter at the level you're currently at, but as you start to move up this kind of unprofessional behavior is likely to sabotage you.
Oh, and to answer your original question--as other have said, this is, unfortunately, the world of megacorps and large businesses that are run by spreadsheet as much as people. If you want a giant raise you'll probably have to go elsewhere. Or at the very least have another offer, threaten to leave, and see if it goes up the chain high enough to get matched, although that can have a variety of repercussions and isn't usually considered the wisest idea.